HA is now the Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe

We have changed our name to Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe (JEMNE). We've updated our domain to jemne.org and our mission statement. Links to articles published under The Heroic Age will continue to function without change.

We hope you share our excitement as we transition!

Mission

JEMNE is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the exploration of all aspects of early medieval Northwestern Europe from c. 300–c. 1400. Our mission is to provide a forum for the investigation of the histories, cultures, and peoples of the medieval North Atlantic and North Sea regions in their local, intercultural, and global contexts. We seek to publish work using a variety of methodologies and frameworks both emergent and traditional. We welcome innovative approaches to the field.

Issue 21: Teaching in the Middle Ages

Beowulf and Medievalism: The Monsters Are Now Heroes

Abstract: Assigning works of medievalism alongside canonical medieval texts can prove effective in engaging student interest and introducing new perspectives to familiar material. In this essay, I discuss teaching strategies that proved effective in my newly-created senior seminar course, Beowulf and Medievalism. In this course, I teach two translations of Beowulf, Seamus Heaney’s 1991 version and Maria Dahvana Headley’s 2020 version. Students then read several revisionist novels: John Gardner’s Grendel (1971), Michael Crichton’s Eaters of the Dead (1976), Susan Signe Morrison Grendel’s Mother (2015), and Maria Dahvana Headley’s The Mere Wife (2018). Student responses to these works not only sparked interest in the original text, but inspired research on a variety of topics, including ecocritical perspectives to Beowulf, Beowulf-inspired video gaming, toxic masculinity in the heroic code, and the roles of women in both Anglo-Saxon and contemporary society. Notably, students showed interest in the shifting role of Grendel and Grendel’s mother, from monsters to heroes, as reflections of today’s political and cultural concerns.

Issue 21: General Articles

Scyld and Grendel: Two Reigns of Terror

Abstract: Scyld Scefing is often praised as a god cyning “good king” (11), who establishes a heroic encomium in the prologue of Beowulf. However, on closer investigation, we will argue that the brave deeds of Scyld do not appear very different from Grendel’s fyrendæda “crime-deeds” (1001). We will contend that this parallelism has profound ethical implications for both the famous Scyld and the infamous Grendel, and the juxtaposition of the Scyld-episode and Grendel-episode serves to highlight their lexical and thematic similarities. In this article, we will challenge conventional readings of Scyld as an appropriative model of heroism in the poem. We will suggest that while Grendel represents a terror to Denmark, Scyld equally represents a terror from Denmark. In the violent world of Beowulf, heroes and monsters reign supreme, and both pillage, plunder and terrorize their neighbors.

Reviews

Jones, Fossil Poetry

The Otherworldy Yet Real-Time Exploits of Gregory the Great

Abstract: This article examines the idea of the otherworldly in medievalexperience from the perspective of Gregory the Great's mission to the English. The paper reviews the history of travel literature in the medieval world, how Britain's remoteness and no known history placed it into the realm of the otherworldly, St. Augustine of Canterbury's fears regarding leaving his known world and traveling into the unknown, and some comparisons of both Gregory's and Augustine's viewpoints regarding the otherworldly. In the end, the mission to the English quickly brought Britain out of the otherworldly realm and into the realm of the known in early medieval history.

Milk Symbolism in the Bethu Brigte

Abstract: Of particular importance to the Brigidine hagiographers was Brigit's close associations with dairy products. This article explores the role which dairy products play in the Bethu Brigte, the ninth century Old Irish biography of St. Brigit. In particular this article focuses on the relationship between milk and purity in these lives.